The term "carat" for diamond weight originated from the carob seed, which was historically used as a small, consistent unit of weight in ancient times. One metric carat is precisely defined today as 200 milligrams (0.2 grams).
On August 24, 1814, during the War of 1812, British troops marched into Washington D.C. and set fire to the Capitol, the White House, and other government buildings — the only time since the Revolutionary War that a foreign power has captured and occupied the U.S. capital. According to legend, a sudden violent storm with a possible tornado helped extinguish the fires and forced the British to retreat.
Pierre Charles L'Enfant designed Washington D.C.'s famous diagonal avenues cutting across the standard grid specifically so that invaders would get lost navigating the city. The design creates dozens of complex intersections and traffic circles — including the famous Dupont Circle and Logan Circle — that disorient newcomers to this day. L'Enfant also strategically positioned key government buildings on high ground for defensive purposes.
Despite the city being named after him, George Washington never lived in the capital that bears his name. He oversaw the planning and construction of the city but died in December 1799 — before the federal government officially moved there in 1800. Washington spent most of his life at his plantation, Mount Vernon, located about 15 miles south of the city.
Completed in 1884, the Washington Monument stands 555 feet (169 meters) tall and was the tallest man-made structure in the world until the Eiffel Tower surpassed it in 1889. It took 36 years to build due to funding shortages and the Civil War — which is why a careful look at the obelisk reveals a subtle color change about one-third of the way up, where construction resumed after a long pause.
