Ancient Rome

After a failed invasion of Britain, Caligula ordered his soldiers to collect seashells as "spoils of the ocean." This bizarre command is often cited as evidence of his mental instability and megalomania during his reign.

This dangerous practice led to chronic lead poisoning, causing symptoms like skin damage, infertility, and even madness. Despite the health risks, the desire for a pale complexion persisted for centuries.

Roman citizens, particularly those who could afford it, believed the ammonia in urine was an effective antiseptic and teeth whitener. This practice, though repulsive by modern standards, was common and even taxed by emperors, highlighting different historical perceptions of hygiene.