Falkland Islands

Wool exports were the main source of income for much of the 20th century.

Most live in Stanley, the capital.

They include gentoo, king, rockhopper, Magellanic and macaroni penguins.

It claims the islands as its territory, while Britain and the islanders maintain they are British.

In 1690 Captain John Strong named the channel between the two main islands after Viscount Falkland.

Decades after the 1982 conflict, parts of the Falkland Islands remained home to one of the world's largest and most dangerous minefields. Extensive demining efforts have recently cleared most areas, but the legacy of the conflict lingers.

Geological evidence suggests that the Falkland Islands were once home to extensive forests, particularly during the Permian period. Today, the islands are largely treeless, a dramatic change attributed to climate shifts and geological history.

With a population of just over 2,000, Stanley, the capital of the Falkland Islands, holds the distinction of being one of the smallest capital cities globally. It serves as the main hub for the islands' economy and administration.

Despite being a modern territory, many Falkland Islanders still rely on peat, harvested from extensive bogs, for heating and cooking. This traditional practice reflects the islands' unique landscape and limited natural resources.

The Falkland Islands are home to over a million penguins across five different species, including Gentoo, Rockhopper, and Magellanic. This population significantly dwarfs the human resident count of around 3,600, making penguins the true majority.