Patient H.M. Could Not Form New Memories After 1953 Surgery
Henry Molaison had parts of his hippocampus removed, and his case transformed the study of memory.
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Sleep Helps Consolidate Memories
During sleep the brain replays and stabilizes what it learned during the day.
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Short-Term Memory Holds Only a Handful of Items
George Miller's 1956 paper suggested seven, though later research put it closer to four.
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Hermann Ebbinghaus Charted the Forgetting Curve in 1885
He showed that people forget new information quickly unless they review it.
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The Hippocampus Is Key to Forming New Memories
Other brain regions store memories once they have been formed.